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Soil Excavation and Safety

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In the construction industry, soil excavation is one of the most hazardous tasks. On average, 40 construction workers die each year in trenching cave-ins. An environmental professional will prepare a Soil Management Plan for each project to avoid these accidents. That will include detailed specifications for soil classification and backfill procedures. Click https://www.levelgroundexcavation.com/ to learn more.

Soil classification is the process of grouping soils with similar ranges of properties into units that can be geo-referenced and mapped. It is important for soil excavation because it allows engineers to understand how each soil type might behave on an engineering project site, which can help plan and construct a trench. Soil is a complex natural resource with many different physical and chemical properties. Therefore, proper soil classification is essential to avoid costly mistakes that might occur during excavation.

Professionals use a few major types of soil classification systems. One of the most popular is the Unified Soil Classification System or USCS. This system divides soil into orders, suborders, great groups, subgroups, families, and series. It also describes the physical and chemical characteristics of soil that influence management.

A visual inspection of a soil sample is an integral part of the classification process. During a visual inspection, a person examines the color and texture of the soil in a clump of spoil. They look for signs of fissured or crack-like earth. They note if the ground has been disturbed by underground water, utility lines, or other vibration sources.

The next step of the process is a manual soil sample test. That can be done using a simple ribbon or thumb test or an instrument that measures the strength of a soil sample. This test helps determine whether the soil is cohesive, which can affect trench safety. Cohesive soil is classified as Type A, while non-cohesive soil is classified as Type B.

A competent worker must perform at least one visual and one manual test of the soil before excavating it. In addition, the skilled worker must also conduct a laboratory soil classification. The laboratory soil classification subjects the samples to standard lab tests and indexes them into specific ASTM or AASHTO soil groups. The results of these tests can be used for engineering designs such as foundations or pavements and to identify potential hazards for employees.

One of the most important factors in soil excavation is estimating the maximum allowable slope for a hole. That is based on the slope angle of a pit’s bank or edge wall and the top safe pitch for the soil type. That will help protect employees during the excavation process by preventing trench collapse.

OSHA sets the minimum slope requirements. However, a competent person must use their experience and knowledge of the site conditions to determine the safest slope for the soil. That may require a geotechnical report, soil tests, or independent testing to determine the soil type, moisture content, and friction angle.

Cohesion, permeability, shear strength, and the existence of rock are other important factors to consider when assessing the excavation slope. Once this information is known, a design can be made to calculate the safe slope for the excavation.

If the minimum slope requirements are exceeded during an excavation, it can cause a cave-in of the bank or the trench wall. That can result in serious injury or death of workers.

While working in an excavation, the worker must be constantly vigilant to signs that the soil is unsafe for continued digging. Often, these signs are obvious and may include warnings from utility markings or conduit, pipe, or other underground structures that have been exposed during the digging process. Other indicators may consist of the presence of water in the excavation or a change in the consistency of the soil that indicates it has been weakened by weather or other causes.

During the bid process, the competent person must choose a safe method of support for the walls and banks of the excavation. This decision will affect the price of the bid and can be costly if the wrong support is selected. It is also very important to regularly test the soil consistency to ensure it is safe to continue excavating. Otherwise, sloughing and trench collapse can occur with little or no notice during the excavation process. That can be especially hazardous in windy areas or if the soil becomes dry and weak.

Trench excavations may be wide or narrow, and the width affects how much labor and machinery is needed. The depth of the trench can also influence how expensive it is to excavate and backfill, as well as how likely a cave-in is to occur. Tracks should be as narrow as possible while allowing enough room to make pipe joints and properly tamp backfill material around the pipes.

The soil type in a trench also impacts how safe it is to work there. Soil with a high unconfined compressive strength is more stable, and the sides of the track can withstand more pressure without collapsing.

In general, trenches less than 5 feet deep in rock require a protective system, but if the track is in non-cohesive soil and is at least 6 feet deep, a competent person can determine that a defensive strategy isn’t required.

A competent person must design and implement a protective system when the trench is deeper than that. Typical scenarios include sloped or benched walls, shields and support systems, stairways, ladders, or ramps that allow workers to escape the trench.

During construction, the sides of the trench should be sloped or benched as necessary to prevent cave-ins. Dropping the trench walls is usually done by removing soil from the face of the track at an inclined angle away from the excavated area. At the same time, benching involves cutting back the trench wall in sections and then reshaping it with a bench.

The backfill used in trenches should be class A compacted select excavation materials, and the top 12 inches should be tamped with a light piston. That ensures that the backfill is densely packed and it can withstand pressure.

Trenches should be backfilled as soon as possible to keep workers safe. That reduces the chance of a cave-in and allows crews to continue working on pipe installation. The soil must also be inspected before workers go back into the trench, and it should be closed immediately if a hazardous condition is identified.

Trench depth plays a major role in excavation safety. It’s one of the main factors influencing whether shoring and other protective systems are required. In addition, it can affect the potential for bottom heaving and squeezing and the stability of adjacent structures. These problems can lead to cave-ins, entrapment, and other serious injuries and fatalities.

A competent person must inspect the trench before workers enter it and, as conditions change, ensure that protective systems are in place. They must also be able to identify existing and predictable hazards and working conditions that are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to workers and are authorized to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

In addition, workers must be provided with safe means of access and egress. That includes ladders, steps, and ramps placed within 25 feet of all workers for excavations 4 feet or deeper. The job site must also be properly marked, and signs should be posted to warn people of the dangers. Workers must also be able to see each other, which can be accomplished through high-visibility clothing.

Another major concern with soil excavation is the potential for workers to be struck by vehicles or equipment. That can occur when workers are positioned too close to trench edges or when material is stored too close. Construction site managers must provide each worker with personal protective equipment, including hard hats, eye protection, and hearing protection.

Accidents involving construction vehicles are common on sites and can be especially deadly when an excavator is engaged. Using spotters or flaggers to direct vehicular traffic and keeping equipment, materials, and excavated soil away from the trench can help prevent this type of incident. In addition, workers should wear high-visibility clothing when working around vehicles and always look over their shoulders before moving.

Besides the issues above, soil conditions can shift throughout an excavation. That’s why it’s important to inspect the trench regularly, regardless of whether or not shoring is needed. The competent person must also test the soil’s unconfined compressive strength before each worker enters the track and as conditions change.

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Things You Should Know About Concrete Contractors

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Whether you are a homeowner or a business owner, you need a contractor who knows the ins and outs of concrete. You want a company that will work hard to get the job done right and avoid getting stuck with a subpar contractor who will end up causing unnecessary headaches. Getting the site ready for construction involves clearing and preparing the land. This includes the demolition of old construction and the removal of trees and other debris. It also involves installing utilities and fencing. It is a necessary step before any construction project can begin.

Concrete Contractors

Generally, a qualified Concrete Contractors Phoenix can carry out the process of preparing the site for a construction project. Doing the job correctly is essential to avoid costly delays and safety hazards. A concrete contractor will be able to prepare your site before construction begins. They will also be able to identify any problems that can arise during the construction process.

Using the proper formwork is crucial to ensuring that your finished concrete product looks great and sturdy. While it is possible to form concrete on your own, it is best to hire a professional. Doing so will avoid potential problems and ensure that the end product is strong and attractive. There are several different types of concrete forms to choose from. They range in size, shape, and material. Here are the main ones:

The most basic formwork is wood. It is typically made from twox4s that are nailed together. They are regularly coated with low-grade oil to help keep the concrete from sticking to the form. Whether planning a new home, reshaping an existing one, or building a commercial structure, the right concrete contractor can help you get the job done on time and within budget. These contractors can also ensure there are no construction obstacles along the way.

Placing a good slab requires a lot of planning and work. You must grade the area, level it, and compact the soil. It would be best if you also paid attention to the edges of the base. The proper ground preparation ensures your building will have a strong load for years. In addition to the above, a well-designed formwork system can reduce rework. It can also help speed up the construction cycle.

Whether it is a driveway, pool, or decorative finish, finishing concrete creates a durable, attractive, and smooth surface. However, there are a few things you should know before you start. The amount of water used in the concrete is a major factor affecting the finished surface. In addition, the ground, ambient temperature, and humidity can also affect the concrete’s setting time.

Once you have poured the concrete, you need to wait a few days before you begin finishing. After three to four days, the concrete should be ready to drive on. After seven days, it is safe for light foot traffic. Having concrete contractor insurance can help protect your business from financial disaster. It will cover legal expenses, medical bills, damage to equipment, and even lost or damaged tools.

The best way to ensure that your business has the coverage it needs is to work with an experienced insurance agent. They can answer questions about insurance for concrete contractors and recommend the right type of coverage. You may be wondering why you need to have insurance. Many states require concrete contractors to carry general liability coverage. The good news is that most of these policies are fairly inexpensive.

One lawsuit can destroy your business, so you want to ensure that you are prepared. The average claim for property damage or injury is about $30,000. You should get at least a basic general liability policy. A bundled policy will reduce the cost. Whether it’s building a tower or a bridge, concrete is the material of choice. It’s easy to work with, and it’s a durable material. It can stand up to harsh conditions, such as abrasion and freeze-thaw.

The most exciting thing about concrete is that it’s durable and can last for thousands of years. It’s also a cost-effective material, making it a popular choice in commercial and industrial construction. It is also one of the cheapest construction materials, so there’s no reason to hesitate to use it. It’s also a good idea to consider using pre-cast concrete. This material can be easily transported and used.

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Factors to Consider When Hiring a Concrete Contractor

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Whether you are looking for Concrete Contractors in your city or state, there are many different factors to consider. For example, you should always check to see if your state or city requires licensing in order to do business. You can also consider membership in a concrete contractor association if you want to be better prepared in terms of safety and technical expertise. Read on to find out more about the industry. Here are a few of the most important factors to consider.concrete contractor

To start a career as a concrete contractor, you should consider your target market. Do you want to pour sidewalks or patios for residential clients? Or do you prefer to pour concrete for commercial buildings, such as schools, offices, and public works? If you want to work in the residential market, then you will need different tools than for commercial projects. In addition, you should check to make sure that you are licensed and bonded in your state.

When you hire a concrete contractor, make sure you have specific specifications for your project. These may include the size, color, finish, and depth of the concrete. Once you have identified the specifications for your project, you should prioritize these requirements to make the process as smooth as possible. This will ensure that your contractor is able to provide the results you want. A concrete contractor will work to meet your requirements. The end result of the work will depend on the concrete’s type, shape, and finish.

You should choose a concrete contractor with excellent customer service. A competent contractor will walk you through every step of the process and explain the costs and timeline. If he answers your questions, you can call him back. He will give you the information you need to make a decision. You should also choose a company with the right certifications and licenses. Make sure that the contractor you hire has updated their licenses on a regular basis.

You should also hire a concrete contractor with experience. These contractors will know how to properly pour concrete and use proper safety practices. Getting it wrong can result in major problems, so it is important to work with a professional. A concrete contractor can provide you with ideas and designs for your project that are unique and functional. If you have an idea for a concrete patio or walkway, you can discuss it with the contractor who is completing it.

When you choose a concrete contractor, make sure that you choose a company with good productivity. A good company should have good customer service. Good communication is crucial in any business. A contractor should always stay on top of the latest changes, as well as communicate with other contractors and supervisors. Keeping everyone updated about the progress of the job is very important. A concrete contractor should use project management software to manage their projects. This software will help you manage your projects more effectively and efficiently.

These trade shows provide contractors with technical and business resources. Choosing a concrete contractor that is a member of ASCC will ensure that you get the best service possible. If you are unsure, contact the company and ask for a referral. It is important to check out several different companies before selecting one.

You should also check the references of each concrete contractor before hiring them. Concrete contractors should be able to provide you with at least three references for their work. It is also a good idea to compare the price. You should never pay the full amount upfront. If you can’t pay cash, you can use a credit card to protect yourself from shoddy construction work. And always remember that if you’re uncertain about the costs, don’t pay them in full until you’ve approved their services.

When hiring a concrete contractor, remember that you should consider the ground preparation. Proper ground preparation will help to prevent any problems during the construction process. For example, if you need to install a building on uneven or shallow ground, make sure the ground is properly prepared before starting the construction. Otherwise, the concrete will buckle and crack quickly. In these cases, it is best to hire a contractor with extensive experience in this field. For safety, look for a company that is certified and bonded.